The possible protective effect of the nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on tramadol-induced testicular damage in rats

Abstract Background Tramadol provokes oxidative stress that gives rise to apoptosis with alterations in the cellular structure and adversely influences male fertility. A specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), has observable antioxidant anti-inflammatory characteristics enhances improvement organs damage caused by various agents. The impact PDTC on testicular tramadol not been previously examined. Objective This study was designed investigate potential provoked chronic usage. Materials methods Forty healthy adult albino rats were included this study. Rats randomly equally divided into 4 groups: group (I), control group; (II), (PDTC) (III), (Tr) (IV), Tr + group. measured serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing (LH), free testosterone levels. Testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP X ), caspase-8 caspase-3 activities also detected. Immuno-histochemical evaluation inducible NOS (iNOS) expression tissue along histopathological examination studied. Results a significant reduction FSH, LH epididymal sperm count, motility, as well GP SOD activities. On other hand, elevation MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α levels found. However, administration showed significantly increased production motility alleviated tramadol-induced disturbance parameters compared Moreover, co-administration iNOS expressions noticed tramadol-treated Conclusion Considering protective effects against reproductive toxicity induced tramadol, compound can be used possible treating target for toxicity.